The Effect of Fiscal Policy in Indonesia: Structural VAR Analysis

This paper is an attempt to investigate the effect of fiscal policy on output in Indonesia using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) methodology for the period 1983:1 � 2010:1. We use contemporaneous restriction and follow Blanchard and Perotti (1999) technique to identify structural fiscal policy shocks in Indonesia. The estimation results show that the government spending shocks are found to have relatively small (though positive) but insignificant effect on output. Moreover, the spending composition matters as government investment gives better impact on output than government consumption. In this study, we investigate also the effect of fiscal policy on GDP component in term of private component and private investment. The results also show similar story with the aggregate level in which give positive sign but insignificant on both components. Overall, the findings indicate the less potent fiscal policy to stimulate output while putting upward pressure on nominal interest rate

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF MALLOTUS PHILIPPENSIS AGAINST CCL4- AND ATT-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: Mallotus philippensis (Mp) is locally known as kamala and is a large woody multipurpose medicinal tree belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae. Mp possess a wide variety of activities such as skin problem, bronchitis, antifungal, worm infestation (tapeworm) eye disease, cancer, diabetes, and diarrhea. Hence, the present study was intended to evaluate methanolic fruits extract of Mp for hepatoprotective activities. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity was studied by CCl4 at the dose of 1 ml/kg of body weight in liquid olive oil in the ratio of 1:1 and ATT (isoniazid − 7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin − 10 mg/kg, and pyrazinamide − 35 mg/kg b.w.) induced models. Acute toxicity study and preliminary phytochemical screening were also studied to evaluate the toxicity. Results: No toxicity profile was observed in rats after oral administration of the methanolic fruits extract at the dose of 2 g/kg body weight. The different dose of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg administered with the extract of Mp. There was a significant (p<0.001) reduction in biochemical parameters with respect to control. Phytochemical screening of the fruits extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, and terpenoids. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hepatoprotective activity elucidated by Mallotus philippensis could be mainly due to the presences of high-value class of compound like the phenolic group as the major content in the plant

When people and environment collide in the tropics

South East Asia and tropical Australia are undergoing major changes, which are likely to intensify in the next decade. Booming economies in China and India, and potentially other countries, are likely to drive exponential increases in demands for natural resources. Climate change is likely to have severe impacts, ranging from those associated with changes in severity of cyclones, to those associated with sea level rise in shallow oceans. Land cover transformations, already a common feature in many parts, could well decimate biodiversity. Human disease outbreaks, which have already caused alarm and economic disruption, could remain a feature of the region. The challenges are immense; it is timely to reflect on transforming forces and our responses. In May 2006, an international symposium was held in Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia, to discuss these very issues. This publication features papers by leading researchers and policy makers on the following themes:'Drivers of Change; 'Values & Livelihoods; 'What Are the Changes and Their Impacts? The editors of this book all have wide experience in this area. Dr Natasha Stacey is an anthropologist with expertise in natural resource management in the Asia-Pacific region. Dr Guy Boggs has focused his GIS and modelling research on the use of technologies for understanding changes in spatial patterns of vegetation distribution, erosion and runoff response. Prof Bruce Campbell works in the tropics on four continents from humid rainforests to dry woodlands and is focussed on achieving better outcomes for conservation and development and improving the well-being of people through natural resource management and use. Prof Will Steffen has research interests which span a broad range within the field of Earth System science.Setting the scene -- Gerritsen : A resilient future for Northern Australia? People, economics and policy issues -- Resosudarmo : Setting the scene : driving forces of change in Southeast Asia -- Drivers of change -- Steffen : Climate change in the tropics -- Srivastava : Securing India's energy future : what does the world have to worry about? -- Tay : Trade and environment in Southeast Asia -- Williams : Food production systems and policy development in Southeast Asia -- Values and livelihoods -- Armstong et al : Indigenous land and sea management and sustainable business development in Northern Australia -- Garnett : Enterprise development by indigenous communities using natural resources : where do the benefits go? -- Campbell et al : Do local people and the environment collide? Who drives environmental change? -- What are the changes and their impacts? -- Cunningham : Culture, livelihoods and conservatism -- Sodhi and Brook : Biodiversity crisis in Southeast Asia -- Wright et al : The future of Southeast Asian forests and their species -- Bunn : Northern Australia -- all that water ... going to waste? -- Bowman : Time's up for Australia's last frontier.Jira Ticket : CDU-227 : Collection Development Manager made the decision that for the books that have this message " This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing to the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, by any process, without written permission. Enquiries should be made to the publisher, Charles Darwin University Press, Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT 0909, Australia" in the front they would treat CDU NTU Press as the copyright holder based on this statement. CDU Press have given permission for these to be added to our site but no additional licencing terms provided. That is a reasonable risk management based decision